Site classification reports, AS 2870, Brisbane and Moreton Bay

A site classification tells your designer what the ground beneath the building is going to do. We investigate the site, test the soil to Australian Standard methods and issue an AS 2870 report your engineer can design a compliant slab and footing system from, without guesswork and without delays to your build programme.

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What's in your site classification report

Every report we issue is built from field investigation and laboratory testing to Australian Standard methods, so your designer has measured data, not assumptions.

Site class to AS 2870, with the calculated characteristic surface movement it is based on

Borehole or test pit logs, with the soil profile described to AS 1726

Laboratory test results, moisture content and shrink swell testing to AS 1289

Site observations covering slope, drainage, fill, vegetation and tree influence

Practical foundation, site preparation and drainage recommendations

RPEQ certification arranged where the approval requires it, suitable for building approval and council submission

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When a site classification is required

A site classification is required before footing and slab design on virtually every residential build in Queensland, and it is typically a condition of building approval.

New homes on single residential lots

Duplexes, townhouses and small unit developments

Extensions and additions with new footings

Sheds, garages and secondary dwellings

Lot by lot classification across new subdivisions

Re-classification where site conditions have changed

If your site has cut and fill, established trees, uncontrolled fill or reactive clay, the classification is where those risks get identified, before they turn into a variation.

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Understanding your site class

Class What it means Surface movement
ASand or rock. Little or no movement from moisture changeNegligible
SSlightly reactive clay0 to 20 mm
MModerately reactive clay or silt20 to 40 mm
H1Highly reactive clay40 to 60 mm
H2Highly reactive clay, greater movement potential60 to 75 mm
EExtremely reactiveMore than 75 mm
PProblem site, needs project specific engineeringClassified by condition

A more reactive class does not mean a difficult build. It means the footing system needs to suit the ground. The cost risk comes from finding out late, not from the classification itself.

Read our guide to site classification reports in Queensland

What your classification means for footings and slabs

The site class is the input your designer needs to nominate a slab and footing system that will hold up over the life of the building.

On Class S and Class M lots, a conventional stiffened raft to AS 2870 is usually the answer, and the classification confirms the designer can use the deemed to comply tables in the Standard.

On Class H1, H2 and E lots the footing system has to carry more movement. That can mean a deeper edge beam, more reinforcement, a waffle raft, piers or a combination. Finding this out at design stage costs less than finding it out after approval.

On Class P lots there is no deemed to comply solution. Uncontrolled fill, soft or compressible soil, significant slope, erosion or an abnormal moisture condition means the footing system has to be engineered for that specific condition. A Class P result means somebody has to design for it, instead of assuming the neighbouring lot is a guide.

Our report gives your designer the reactivity data, the site constraints and practical foundation, site preparation and drainage recommendations they can work from. Where a project needs the full footing and slab design as well as the classification, we engage our structural engineer and scope both in the one job.

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Testing to Australian Standard methods

Reactivity cannot be judged by eye. Where a reactive profile is present, we test to the AS 1289 series:

Moisture content, AS 1289.2.1.1

Shrink swell index, AS 1289.7.1.1, the primary reactivity test used for AS 2870 classification

Casagrande liquid limit, one point method, AS 1289.3.1.2

Particle size distribution, AS 1289.3.6.1, where requested

Results are combined with the design depth of suction change for your climatic zone to calculate characteristic surface movement under AS 2870 Appendix D. That number determines your site class, and it is stated in the report, not hidden behind it.

Laboratory testing runs through NATA accredited facilities.

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Field based, not desktop based

Fast mobilisation, typically on site within 3 business days, with reports issued within 2 business days of fieldwork

Queensland specific, we work South East Queensland soils daily: reactive clays, coastal profiles, acid sulfate risk areas and fill affected lots

Construction literate reporting, written so a builder can act on it, not just an engineer

RPEQ certification arranged where the approval requires it, satisfying statutory, council and contractual requirements

Single point of contact, you deal with the person who was on your site

Twenty years in construction, fourteen in geotechnical work, more than 10,000 site classifications and investigations. About Luke

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Where we work

Brisbane, Moreton Bay and the Sunshine Coast, plus Ipswich, the Gold Coast and Northern New South Wales.

Soil testing, Moreton Bay

Soil testing, Brisbane

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Common questions


How long does a site classification take?

We typically mobilise to site within 3 business days of your booking, with the report issued within 2 business days of fieldwork being completed. Where laboratory shrink swell testing is required, allow additional time for the testing turnaround. If your programme is tight, tell us early and we will work to it.

Do I need a site classification for a building permit?

On virtually every residential build in Queensland, yes. Your building certifier needs a site classification to AS 2870 before footing and slab design can be approved, and the classification is normally a condition of the building approval. Get it done before drawings are locked in. A reactive result changes the footing design, and designing for it costs less than redesigning around it.

Do I need a site classification or a full geotechnical investigation?

For a standard house on a conventional lot, an AS 2870 classification is usually the right scope. Retaining walls, steep sites, deep cuts, commercial buildings and civil works generally need a broader investigation to AS 1726. If you are unsure, send us the plans and we will tell you which you need. More on AS 1726 geotechnical investigations

How much does a site classification cost?

Cost depends on lot size, access, the number of test locations required and whether laboratory reactivity testing is needed. Send through the site address and any plans you have and we will come back with a fixed quote.

What do you need from me to provide a quote?

Site address, lot and plan details, and a site or architectural plan if you have one. Proposed levels and any known fill or demolition history help us scope the investigation accurately.

My site has large trees. Does that matter?

Yes. Mature trees draw moisture from reactive soil, and removing them lets the soil re-wet and heave, sometimes over many years. Tree location, species and whether they are being retained or removed can change the classification and the footing advice.

Get a fixed quote

Send the site address, the lot and plan, and any drawings you have.

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or Call 0408 861 788
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South East Queensland & Northern NSW

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